The Lithium Ion Battery
Lithium ion batteries are rechargeable and composed of cathode, anode, separator and electrolyte composed of LiPF6 or different salts dissolved in different non aqueous solvent.
Lithium Ion Battery is the potential source of rechargeable storage system since it has the capability to provide highest gravimetric (Wh/kg) and volumetric energy density (Wh/L).
Figure 1 shows a comparison between different rechargeable batteries.
Figure 1: Energy Density Comparison of all Rechargeable Storage Batteries Available
Figure 2: Comparison of Different Electrode Materials
Cathode
As shown in Figure 2 it can be observed that manganese based layered and spinel structures are capable to deliver high capacity at a higher voltage range and thus capable to deliver high energy and power density.
Anode
Graphite is the most suitable candidate to be used as anode materials with a maximum voltage difference with respect to cathode material. However, at present different types of graphite materials are being used and developed to enhance electronic and ionic conductivities as well capacity. More powerful anode materials are being investigated to substitute carbonaceous materials and include tin based high capacity nano materials.
Separator
Several industries are still continuing their research works and commercialization to introduce new efficient separators. At present Celgard and DuPont are leading industries in this field.
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